GMemoryMonitor (low-memory-monitor, 2nd phase)

TL;DR

Use GMemoryMonitor in glib 2.63.3 and newer in your applications to lower overall memory usage, and detect low memory conditions.

low-memory-monitor

To start with, let's come back to low-memory-monitor, announced at the end of August.

It's not really a “low memory monitor”. I know, the name is deceiving, but it actually monitors memory pressure stalls, and how hard it is for the kernel to allocate memory when applications need it. The longer it takes to allocate memory, the longer the kernel takes to allocate it, usually because it needs to move memory around to make room for a big allocation, when an application starts up for example, or prepares an in-memory buffer for saving.

It is not a daemon that will kill programs on low memory. It's not a user-space out-of-memory killer, and does not take those policy decisions. It can however be configured to ask the kernel to do that. The kernel doesn't really know what it's doing though, and user-space isn't helping either, so best disable that for now...

As listed in low-memory-monitor's README (and in the announcement post), there were a number of similar projects around, but none that would offer everything we needed, eg.:

• Has a D-Bus interface to propagate low memory conditions
• Requires Linux 5.2's kernel memory pressure stalls information (Android's lowmemorykiller daemon has loads of code to get the same information from the kernel for older versions, and it really is quite a lot of code)
• Written in a compiled language to save on startup/memory usage costs (around 500 lines of C code, as counted by sloccount)
• Built-in policy, based upon values used in Android and Endless OS

 GMemoryMonitor

Next up, in our effort to limit memory usage, we'll need some help from applications. That's where GMemoryMonitor comes in. It's simple enough, listen to the low-memory-warning signal and free some image thumbnails, index caches, or dump some data to disk, when you receive a signal.

The signal also gives you a “warning level”, with 255 being when low-memory-monitor would trigger the kernel's OOM killer, and lower values different levels of “try to be a good citizen”.

The more astute amongst you will have noticed that low-memory-monitor runs as root, on the system bus, and wonder how those new fangled (5 years old today!) sandboxed applications would receive those signals. Fear not! Support for a portal version of GMemoryMonitor landed in xdg-desktop-portal on the same day as in glib. Everything tied together with installed tests that use the real xdg-desktop-portal to test the portal and unsandboxed versions.

How about an OOM killer?

By using memory pressure stall information, we receive information about the state of the kernel before getting into swapping that'd cause the machine to become unusable. This also means that, as our threshold for keeping everything ticking is low, if we were to kill high memory consumers, we'd get a butter smooth desktop, but, based on my personal experience, your browser and your mail client would take it in turns disappearing from your desktop in a way that you wouldn't even notice.

We'll definitely need to think about our next step in application state management, and changing our running applications paradigm.

Distributions should definitely disable the OOM killer for now, and possibly try their hands at upstream some systemd OOMPolicy and OOMScoreAdjust options for system daemons.

Conclusion

Creating low-memory-monitor was easy enough, getting everything else in place was decidedly more complicated. In addition to requiring changes to glib, xdg-desktop-portal and python-dbusmock, it also required a lot of work on the glib CI to save me from having to write integration tests in C that would have required a lot of scaffolding. So thanks to all involved in particular Philip Withnall for his patience reviewing my changes.

Dual-GPU support follow-up: NVIDIA driver support

If you remember, back in 2016, I did the work to get a “Launch on Discrete GPU” menu item added to application in gnome-shell.

This cycle I worked on adding support for the NVIDIA proprietary driver, so that the menu item shows up, and the right environment variables are used to launch applications on that device.

Tested with another unsupported device...

Behind the scenes

There were a number of problems with the old detection code in switcheroo-control:
- it required the graphics card to use vga_switcheroo in the kernel, which the NVIDIA driver didn't do
- it could support more than 2 GPUs
- and it didn't really actually know which GPU was going to be the “main” one

And, on top of all that, gnome-shell expected the Mesa OpenGL stack to be used, so it only knew the right environment variables to do that, and only for one secondary GPU.

So we've extended switcheroo-control and its API to do all this.

(As a side note, commenters asked me about the KDE support, and how it would integrate, and it turns out that KDE's code just checks for the presence of a file in /sys, which is only present when vga_switcheroo is used. So I would encourage KDE to adopt the switcheroo-control D-Bus API for this)

Closing

All this will be available in Fedora 32, using GNOME 3.36 and switcheroo-control 2.0. We might backport this to Fedora 31 after it's been tested, and if there is enough interest.

low-memory-monitor: new project announcement

I'll soon be flying to Greece for GUADEC but wanted to mention one of the things I worked on the past couple of weeks: the low-memory-monitor project is off the ground, though not production-ready.

low-memory-monitor, as its name implies, monitors the amount of free physical memory on the system and will shoot off signals to interested user-space applications, usually session managers, or sandboxing helpers, when that memory runs low, making it possible for applications to shrink their memory footprints before it's too late either to recover a usable system, or avoid taking a performance hit.

It's similar to Android's lowmemorykiller daemon, Facebook's oomd, Endless' psi-monitor, amongst others

Finally a GLib helper and a Flatpak portal are planned to make it easier for applications to use, with an API similar to iOS' or Android's.

Combined with work in Fedora to use zswap and remove the use of disk-backed swap, this should make most workstation uses more responsive and enjoyable.

libfprint 1.0 (and fprintd 0.9.0)

After more than a year of work libfprint 1.0 has just been released!

It contains a lot of bug fixes for a number of different drivers, which would make it better for any stable or unstable release of your OS.

There was a small ABI break between versions 0.8.1 and 0.8.2, which means that any dependency (really just fprintd) will need to be recompiled. And it's good seeing as we also have a new fprintd release which also fixes a number of bugs.

Benjamin Berg will take over maintenance and development of libfprint with the goal of having a version 2 in the coming months that supports more types of fingerprint readers that cannot be supported with the current API.

From my side, the next step will be some much needed modernisation for fprintd, both in terms of code as well as in the way it interacts with users.

Developer tool for i18n: “Pseudolocale”

While browsing for some internationalisation/localisation features, I found an interesting piece of functionality in Android's developer documentation. I'll quote it here:

A pseudolocale is a locale that is designed to simulate characteristics of languages that cause UI, layout, and other translation-related problems when an app is translated.

I've now implemented this for applications and libraries that use gettext, as an LD_PRELOAD library, available from this repository.


The current implementation can highlight a number of potential problems (paraphrasing the Android documentation again):

- String concatenation, which displays as one message split across 2 or more brackets.
- Hard-coded strings, which cannot be sent to translation, display as unaccented text in the pseudolocale to make them easy to notice.
- Right-to-left (RTL) problems such as elements not being mirrored.

Our old friend, Office Runner 

Testing brought some unexpected results :)

Videos and Books in GNOME 3.32

GNOME 3.32 will very soon be released, so I thought I'd go back on a few of the things that happened with some of our content applications.

Videos

First, many thanks to Marta Bogdanowicz, Baptiste Mille-Mathias, Ekaterina Gerasimova and Andre Klapper who toiled away at updating Videos' user documentation since 2012, when it was still called “Totem”, and then again in 2014 when “Videos” appeared.

The other major change is that Videos is available, fully featured, from Flathub. It should play your Windows Movie Maker films, your circular wafers of polycarbonate plastic and aluminium, and your Devolver indie films. No more hunting codecs or libraries!

In the process, we also fixed a large number of outstanding issues, such as accommodating for the app menu's planned disappearance, moving the audio/video properties tab to nautilus proper, making the thumbnailer available as an independent module, making the MPRIS plugin work better and loads, loads mo.

Books

As Documents was removed from the core release, we felt it was time for Books to become independent. And rather than creating a new package inside a distribution, the Flathub version was updated. We also fixed a bunch of bugs, so that's cool :)

Weather

I didn't work directly on Weather, but I made some changes to libgweather which means it should be easier to contribute to its location database.

Adding new cities doesn't require adding a weather station by hand, it would just pick the closest one, and weather stations also don't need to be attached to cities either. They were usually attached to villages, sometimes hamlets!

The automatic tests are also more stringent, and test for more things, which should hopefully mean less bugs.

And even more Flatpaks

On Flathub, you'll also find some applications I packaged up in the last 6 months. First is Teo Thomson emulator, GBE+, a Game Boy emulator focused on accessories emulation, and a way to run your old Flash games offline.